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Utilitarian bioethics
Utilitarian bioethics is a branch of utilitarian ethics and bioethics that recommends directing medical resources where they will have most long-term effect for good.
It is implicitly used in some healthcare planning decisions, such as the use of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and the concept of triage, but is controversial in many other cases.
==History==
Although utilitarian philosophy traces itself back to the nineteenth century British thinkers John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham, the application of these principles to contemporary bioethics originated in the work of Peter Singer in the 1970s and 1980s.〔Fetal Tissue and Fine Lines; New Technologies Test the Power of Utilitarian Principles, The Washington Post, Sept. 20, 1988〕 A second generation of utilitarian bioethicists, including Julian Savulescu, Jacob M. Appel and Thaddeus Mason Pope, advanced these arguments further in the 1990s and 2000s. Among applications of the utilitarian bioethic in policy are the Groningen Protocol in the Netherlands and the Advance Directives Act in the American state of Texas.
In the 1990s, a backlash against utilitarian bioethics emerged, led by such figures as Wesley J. Smith and novelist Dean Koontz.〔Harris, Kathy. One Door Away From Heaven', ''Fort Worth Star-Telegram'', Feb 14, 2002〕〔Colon, Alicia. "When Killing An Ill Infant 'Is Not Wrong, ''The New York Sun'', December 3, 2004〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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